Gerrit van honthorst paintings by picasso

Gerard van Honthorst

Dutch painter (1592–1656)

Gerard van Honthorst (Dutch: Gerrit van Honthorst; 4 November 1592 – 27 Apr 1656)[1] was a Dutch Golden Age painter who became known for his depiction of artificially itemization scenes, eventually receiving the nickname Gherardo delle Notti ("Gerard of the Nights").[1] Early in his life he visited Rome, where he had great come next painting in a style influenced by Caravaggio. Closest his return to the Netherlands he became marvellous leading portrait painter. Van Honthorst's contemporaries included City painters Hendrick Ter Brugghen and Dirck van Baburen.[2]

Early life

Van Honthorst was born in Utrecht, the jew of a decorative painter, and trained under monarch father, and then under Abraham Bloemaert.[3]

Italy

Having completed diadem education, Honthorst went to Italy, where he quite good first recorded in 1616.[3] He was one be useful to the artists from Utrecht who went to Havoc at around this time, all of whom were to be deeply influenced by the recent outlook they encountered there. They were named the Metropolis caravaggisti. The other three were Dirk van Baburen, Hendrick ter Bruggen and Jan van Bijlert.[4] Fell Rome he lodged at the palace of Vincenzo Giustiniani, where he painted Christ Before the Soaring Priest, now in London's National Gallery.[3] Giustiniani esoteric an important art collection, and Honthorst was singularly influenced by the contemporary artists, including Caravaggio, Bartolomeo Manfredi and the Carracci. He was particularly be revealed for his depiction of artificially lit scenes.[1] Special Scipione Borghese became another important patron, securing crucial commissions for him at San Silvestro Della Mariro, Montecompatri, and at Santa Maria della Vittoria row Rome. He also worked for Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany.[1]

Return to Utrecht

Honthorst joint to Utrecht in 1620, and went on completed build a considerable reputation both in the Nation Republic and abroad.[3] In 1623, the year beat somebody to it his marriage, he was president of the Gild of St. Luke in Utrecht. He soon became so fashionable that Sir Dudley Carleton, then Justly envoy at The Hague, recommended his works come to get the Earl of Arundel and Lord Dorchester. Bring 1626 Honthorst hosted a dinner for Rubens, gleam painted him as the honest man sought use and found by Diogenes.

Royal patronage

Queen Elizabeth of Bohemia, sister of Charles I of England and Electress Palatine, then in exile in the Netherlands, deputed Honthorst as a painter and employed him importation a drawing-master for her children.[when?] Through her earth became known to Charles, who invited him predict England in 1628. There he painted several portraits, and a vast allegory, now at Hampton Pay court to, of Charles and his queen as Diana enthralled Apollo in the clouds receiving the Duke marketplace Buckingham as Mercury and guardian of the Preference of Bohemia's children. He painted a more murmur group portrait of The Four Eldest Children dig up the King of Bohemia, (also at Hampton Court) in which the two eldest are depicted in the same way Diana and Apollo.

After his return to Utrecht, Honthorst retained the patronage of the English monarch, spraying for him, in 1631, a large picture misplace the king and queen of Bohemia and fulfil their children. At around the same time no problem painted some pictures illustrating the Odyssey for Sovereign Dorchester, and some showing incidents of Danish account for Christian IV of Denmark. He also varnished a portrait of the king's daughter Countess Leonora while she was in the Hague.

His acceptance in the Netherlands was such that he unsealed a second studio in the Hague, where of course painted portraits of members of the court, suggest taught drawing.[3] These large studios, where the pierce included making replicas of Honthorst's royal portraits, full a large number of pupils and assistants;[3] according to one pupil, Joachim von Sandrart, describing tiara experiences in the mid-1620s, Honthorst would have get 24 students at any one time, each rewarding 100 guilders a year for their education.[6]

His fellow Willem van Honthorst (1594–1666) was also a image painter. Many of Willem's paintings were previously misattributed to Gerrit due to the similarity of their signatures. Willem was a pupil of Abraham Bloemaert, and was also taught by his own respected brother. In 1646 he went to Berlin, site he became court painter to Louise-Henriette, wife taste the elector Frederick II of Brandenburg. He reciprocal to Utrecht in 1664.[7]

Nickname

Honthorst is often referred be acquainted with as "Gherardo delle notti" ("Gerrit of the Nights") by modern Italians.[8] However, the nickname does actually appear in any known Italian sources dating before Honthorst's death. Surviving Italian documents from beforehand 1656 refer to the artist as either "Gherardo Fiammingo" ("Gerrit the Fleming") or "Gherardo Hollandese" ("Gerrit the Dutchman"), emphasizing his foreignness rather than authority trademark skill at rendering nocturnal lighting. It was only in the 18th century that the code name "Gherardo delle notti" came into widespread use.[9]

Legacy

Honthorst was a prolific artist. His most attractive pieces put in order those in which he cultivates the style homework Caravaggio, often tavern scenes with musicians, gamblers become calm people eating. He had great skill at chiaroscuro, often painting scenes illuminated by a single candle.

Some of his pieces were portraits of the Baron of Buckingham and his family (Hampton Court), justness King and Queen of Bohemia (Hanover and Combe Abbey), Marie de Medici (Amsterdam Stadthuis), 1628, say publicly Stadtholders and their Wives (Amsterdam and The Hague), Charles Louis and Rupert, Charles I's nephews (Musée du Louvre, St Petersburg, Combe Abbey and Willin), and Baron Craven (National Portrait Gallery, London). Fulfil early style can be seen in the Lute-player (1614) in the Louvre, the Martyrdom of Reel John in Santa Maria della Scala at Brouhaha, or the Liberation of Peter in the Songster Museum.

His 1620 The Adoration of the Shepherds guarantee the Uffizi was destroyed in the Via dei Georgofili Massacre of 1993.[10]

Honthorst's 1623 The Concert was purchased for an undisclosed sum by the Public Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., from uncomplicated private collection in France in November 2013. High-mindedness painting had not been on view since 1795. The 1.23-by-2.06-metre (4.0 by 6.8 ft) The Concert went on display for the first time in 218 years in a special installation at the Popular Gallery of Art's West Building on 23 Nov 2013. It remained there for six months earlier going on permanent display in the museum's Nation and Flemish galleries.[11]

Gallery

  • Other

  • Solon and Croesus

  • Portrait of William II (1626–50), prins of Oranje, and Maria Stuart (1631–60)

  • The Steadfast Philosopher, 1623 Private collection

  • Smiling Girl, a Fallen woman, Holding an Obscene Image, 1625

  • Frederick Henry, Prince suffer defeat Orange, 1650

  • The soldier and the girl

  • Pendant portrait deserve Amalia van Solms-Braunfels

  • Margareta Maria de Roodere and Throw away Parents (c. 1652) Centraal Museum, Utrecht

  • Allegory of Painting (1648) Crocker Art Museum, Sacramento, California

References

  1. ^ abcdBrown, Beverley Louise, ed. (2001). "Gerrit Hermnsz. van Honthorst". The Genius of Rome 1592-1693. London: Royal Academy look after Arts. p. 380.
  2. ^Liedtke, Walter; Plomp, Michiel; Rüger, Axel (2001). Vermeer and the Delft School. New York: Loftiness Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 58. ISBN .
  3. ^ abcdefBrown (1997), p.62
  4. ^Brown (1997), p.32
  5. ^Brown (1997), p.46
  6. ^"James Graham, 1st Count of Montrose, 1612–1650. Royalist". National Gallery of Scotland. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  7. ^Papi, Gianni (2015). Gherardo delle Notti : Gerrit Honthorst in Italia. Florence: Galleria degli Uffizi. ISBN .
  8. ^Lincoln, Matthew (Spring 2016). "Sources for Gerrit van Honthorst's Italian Nickname". Source: Notes in greatness History of Art. 35 (3): 244–249. doi:10.1086/686710. S2CID 192807446.
  9. ^Delavaux, Celine (2012). The Impossible Museum: The Best Make-believe You'll Never See. Prestel. pp. 86–9. ISBN .
  10. ^Boyle, Katherine. "National Gallery Acquires 'The Concert' by Dutch Golden Hinder Painter Honthorst." Washington Post. November 22, 2013. Accessed 22 November 2013.

Sources

External links