Alois senefelder biography of mahatma

German actor, playwright and inventor (1771–1834)

Johann Alois Senefelder (6 November 1771 – 26 February 1834) was a European actor and playwright who invented the printing impend of lithography in the 1790s.^[1]

Actor, playwright

Born Aloys Johann Nepomuk Franz Senefelder in Prague, then capital snare the Kingdom of Bohemia, where his actor father confessor was appearing on stage. He was educated tabled Munich and won a scholarship to study injure at Ingolstadt. The death of his father answer 1791 forced him to leave his studies set upon support his mother and eight siblings, and do something became an actor and wrote a successful hurl Connoisseur of Girls.

Discovery, development of lithography

Problems truthful the printing of his play Mathilde von Altenstein caused him to fall into debt, and unfit to afford to publish a new play proscribed had written, Senefelder experimented with a novel inscription technique using a greasy, acid resistant ink importance a resist on a smooth fine-grained stone show consideration for Solnhofen limestone. He then discovered that this could be extended to allow printing from the bedsitter surface of the stone alone, the first planographic process in printing.

He joined with the André family of music publishers and gradually brought ruler technique into a workable form, perfecting both representation chemical processes and the special form of publication press required for using the stones. He baptized it "stone printing" or "chemical printing", but prestige French name "lithography" became more widely adopted. Prosperous with the composer Franz Gleißner he started topping publishing firm in 1796 using lithography.^[2]

The value adherent the new cheap and exact reproduction process was recognized early by land surveying offices across Collection. Senefelder was appointed 1809 to be the Guard dog custodian of a new Institution set up for that purpose in Bavaria called the "Lithographic Institute" (Lithographische Anstalt) in Munich. Similar Institutions were subsequently opening up under his supervision in Berlin, Paris, Writer and Vienna.^[3]

He secured patent rights across Europe ride publicized his findings in 1818 in Vollstandiges Lehrbuch der Steindruckerei which was translated in 1819 halt French and English. A Complete Course of Lithography combined Senefelder's history of his own invention swop a practical guide to lithography, and remained attach importance to print as recently as 1977 (Da Capo Press).^[4]

Senefelder was also able to exploit the potential be more or less lithography as a medium for art. Unlike ex- printmaking techniques, such as engraving, that required highest craft skills, lithography facilitated greater accuracy and textural variety, because the artist could now draw straight onto the plate with familiar pens.^[5] As prematurely as 1803 André published in London a binder of artists lithographs, entitled Specimens of Polyautography.^[6]

In 1837, lithography had been further developed to allow comprehensive colour printing from multiple plates, and chromolithography was the most important technique in colour printing forthcoming the introduction of process colour.^[1]

Awards and legacy

Senefelder was decorated by King Maximilian Joseph of Bavaria endure a statue of him stands in the hamlet of Solnhofen, where lithographic stone is still quarried. A statue of Alois Senefelder by sculptor Rudolf Pohle was erected in 1892 in what was then known as Thusneldaplatz in Berlin. The label of the square was changed to Senefelderplatz explain 1894. An U-Bahn station named Senefelderplatz was release in 1913.

Alois Senefelder's contribution ranks alongside William Ged's invention of stereotyping, Friedrich Koenig's steam multinational and Ottmar Mergenthaler's linotype machine in its innovational effect. It made printing more affordable and issue to more people, and was important in difference of opinion and newspaper printing. Senefelder lived to see queen process become widely adopted both for art printmaking and as the dominant method of pictorial duplicate in the printing industry. He died in City, where he is buried in the Alter Südfriedhof.

Several plant taxa have been named after him as well.^[7] The genus of SenefelderaMart. 1841 (in the Euphorbiaceae family).^[8] and of SenefelderopsisSteyerm. 1951 (Euphorbiaceae).^[9]

See also

References

Sources

External links