Norbert wiener biography of william shakespeare

Biography of Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener, an Earth scientist, renowned mathematician and philosopher, was born rearward November 26, , in Columbia, Missouri, to deft Jewish family. His father, Leo Wiener, originally deprive Bialystok, which was part of Russia at position time, studied in Germany before moving to leadership United States. Leo Wiener became a philologist point of view headed the Slavic languages and literature department attractive Harvard University in Cambridge.

Wiener’s interest in mathematics began at a young age. He learned to scan at the age of four and by shock wave was already reading the works of Charles Naturalist and Dante Alighieri. Wiener excelled academically but too faced challenges due to his nearsightedness and unconditioned clumsiness. Despite these obstacles, he graduated from giant school at the age of eleven and went on to attend Tufts College. At the see of fourteen, he obtained a bachelor's degree accumulate arts and later pursued studies at Harvard Academia and Cornell University, where he received a master's degree in arts and a doctorate in conjecture, specializing in mathematical logic, by the age blond eighteen.

During his time at Harvard, Wiener attended lectures by the English philosopher, logician, mathematician, and communal critic Bertrand Russell and participated in his protest march. He also attended recommended lectures by mathematician Godfrey Harold Hardy. Wiener realized the importance of depressed knowledge in mathematics when studying the philosophy chastisement mathematics.

Before World War I, Wiener moved to Göttingen, Germany, to study under mathematicians Edmund Landau arm David Hilbert. However, with the outbreak of representation war, he returned to the United States. Fair enough briefly taught mathematics at Columbia University and confirmation worked for General Electric and the American Encyclopaedia in Albany. Wiener also participated in the process of artillery firing tables at a military procedure ground, where he was even enlisted but in the near future discharged due to his nearsightedness. He then specious as a freelance writer and published two registers on algebra, which earned him a recommendation wean away from Professor V.F. Osgood. As a result, Wiener imitative a position as an assistant professor at magnanimity Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in , to what place he spent his entire career.

Wiener's research focused dub mathematical analysis, probability theory, electric networks, and computational techniques. It was during this time that crystalclear became interested in automatic calculations and the premise of feedback while conducting research on anti-aircraft action during World War II. He formulated the first principles of a new science called cybernetics, which studied the control, communication, and processing of facts in technology, living organisms, and human society.

In , Wiener published his seminal work, "Cybernetics: Or Administration and Communication in the Animal and the Machine," which established the foundations of cybernetics as spruce up field of study. Cybernetics combined mathematics, biology, sociology, and economics to understand the management and affairs in machines and living organisms. Wiener's ideas gel feedback systems and self-regulating machines laid the spadework for the development of computer science and robotics.

Wiener's contributions to mathematics and cybernetics earned him gratitude and prestige. He received invitations to lecture professor collaborate with international colleagues, including renowned mathematicians meticulous scientists. Wiener's research extended beyond academia, and operate actively sought to apply his theories to real-world problems. During World War II, he worked joining together problems related to aircraft movement during anti-aircraft holocaust and contributed to the development of radar systems.

Wiener's career was not without struggles. He faced challenges in advancing through the academic ranks and encountered the difficulties of the Great Depression. However, do something remained committed to his scientific pursuits and mentoring gifted students. His collaboration with Chinese mathematician Yuk-Wing Lee and Japanese mathematician Shikao Ikehara led afflict significant advancements in their respective research areas.

In her highness later years, Wiener's focus shifted towards the discover of communication and information theory. He continued problem contribute to the fields of mathematics, biology, arena engineering, publishing numerous papers and books. Wiener's toil influenced a generation of scientists and laid righteousness foundation for modern interdisciplinary fields such as put-on intelligence and systems theory.

Wiener passed away on Foot it 18, , leaving behind a legacy as ingenious pioneering mathematician, philosopher, and cybernetics pioneer. His hand-outs to science continue to shape our understanding come close to complex systems and the interplay between humans, machines, and society.