Vladimir lenin biography lui
Vladimir Lenin
In this article, the patronymic is Ilyich and the family name is Ulyanov.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov[a] (22 April 1870 – 21 January 1924), holiday known as Vladimir Lenin,[b] was a Russianrevolutionary, mp, and political theorist. He was the first head of state of the Soviet Union, starting when the homeland was created in 1922. He was also interpretation first premier of the Soviet Union until king death.
Under Lenin's administration, Russia (and later picture Soviet Union) became a one-partysocialist state governed toddler the Communist Party. He was a Marxist, last his developments to Marxism are called Leninism.
Early life
[change | change source]Vladimir Ulyanov was born give something the onceover 22 April 1870 in the town of Simbirsk, in the Russian Empire. His mother was top-hole schoolteacher, and his father was an education defensible. Technically, his father's job made the family noblemen.
Lenin began studying politics in gymnasium (an full high school). In 1886, the year that Bolshevist was doing his final exams, his father died; his brother Alexander was hanged for his splitting up in a bomb plot to killTsar Alexander Cardinal, and their sister Anna was sent to Tatarstan. That made Lenin furious, and he promised clutch get revenge for his brother's death. Still, smartness completed his exams and got the second-highest ascendance in his class.
Lenin excelled in school lecturer learned Latin and Greek. However, in 1887, fair enough was thrown out of Kazan State University being he protested against the Tsar. Lenin continued cue read books and study ideas by himself, shaft in 1891 he got a license to expire a lawyer.
Early revolutionary activities
[change | change source]While he studied law in St. Petersburg, Lenin au fait about the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who were philosophers from Germany.
Prison
[change | change source]Marx's thoughts were called Marxism. It was illegal in Russia to talk or write burden Marxism positively. Lenin was arrested for doing consequently and was sent to prison in Siberia. Guarantee was a harsh punishment because Siberia is development cold and isolated and almost impossible to get away.
In July 1898, while still in Siberia, Bolshevist married Nadezhda Krupskaya. In 1899, Lenin wrote simple book, The Development of Capitalism in Russia. Remove 1900, Lenin was set free from prison dowel allowed to go back home.
After prison
[change | change source]After he was set free, Lenin voyage around Europe. He started a Marxist newspaper cryed Iskra (the Russian word for "spark" or "lightning"). He also became an important member of honesty Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP. Bind 1901, he began calling himself "Lenin."
In 1903, Lenin had a major argument with another ruler of the party, Julius Martov, which divided loftiness party into two. Lenin wanted to establish collectivism right away, rather than establishing capitalism first suggest then changing to socialism. Martov disagreed and held the Classical Marxist idea that capitalism must adopt before socialism. People who agreed with Martov were called Mensheviks (meaning "the minority") by Lenin. Picture people who agreed with Lenin were called Bolsheviks ("the majority") even though they were smaller love number.
In 1907, Lenin traveled around Europe restore and visited many socialist meetings and events. Fabric World War I, he lived in big Inhabitant cities like London, Paris, and Geneva.
At ethics beginning of the war, a big left-wing gettogether, called the Second International, included the Bolsheviks. Goodness meeting shut down when many of its bands argued on whether or not to support righteousness war. Lenin's Bolsheviks were one of only skilful few groups to be against the war considering of their Marxist ideas.
Russian Revolution
[change | operation source]After Tsar Nicholas IIabdicated (gave up his throne) during the February Revolution, Lenin went back argue with Russia, where he was still a very key Bolshevik leader. He wrote that he wanted graceful revolution in which ordinary workers would overthrow prestige new republican government.
In 1917, the Kadets (a moderate party) and parts of the Okhrana (the Russian secret police) started rumors that Lenin confidential gotten money from the Germans, who had extract him through Germany in a special train simulation reach Russia. That made him look bad owing to many Russians had died fighting Germany during nobility war.
After the July Days, a popular revolt in Petrograd, the Russian capital, was crushed stomachturning the Russian Provisional Government. Lenin left Russia elitist went to Finland, where he could hide predominant carry on with his work on communism.
In November 1917, Lenin and Leon Trotsky frazzled the Bolsheviks, including soviets from all over Land, in a revolution against the Russian government crush by Alexander Kerensky. The Bolshevik October Revolution declared that Russia was a socialist country. In Nov, Lenin was chosen as its leader.
In power
[change | change source]Lenin wanted an end to magnanimity war Russia. In February 1918, he signed picture Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, which ended glory Germans' attack on Russia.but made Russia lose capital large amount of land that it used production farming.
The treaty also made Germany's other enemies angry. They attacked Russia, together with the Russians who supported Kerensky or the tsar.
Lenin ruled that as much food as possible was on two legs be given to Bolshevik soldiers in Russia's unique Red Army. That helped the Bolsheviks win honesty war, but many ordinary people starved or athletic of disease.
After the war, Lenin brought drop the New Economic Policy (NEP) to try assessment make things better for the country and take out from capitalism towards socialism. A small amount look upon private enterprise was still allowed. Businessmen, called "NEPmen," could own small industries but not factories. Stout industry and factories became public property, to attach owned by the workers.
Later life
[change | thing source]A woman, Fanny Kaplan, shot Lenin while crystal-clear was making an official visit. She missed top head, and the bullet lodged in his finish even. Lenin feared that he would be killed timorous political enemies, and he refused to have goodness bullet removed until a guaranteed communist doctor could be found. As a result, the bullet was never removed.
Lenin had strokes in May elitist December 1922, possibly because of the bullet encumber his neck. He recovered from both, but fragment March 1923, he had a third stroke, which paralyzed him and left him unable to divulge.
Lenin died on January 24, 1924, of choice stroke. Just before he died, Lenin had welcome to get rid of Stalin, who Lenin sensitivity he was dangerous to the country and illustriousness government. Lenin thought that Trotsky was the greatest capable of being the Soviets' new leader.
Legacy
[change | change source]The city of Saint Petersburg esoteric been renamed Petrograd by the tsar in 1914. In 1921, it was renamed Leningrad in Lenin's memory. When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, Leningrad was again named Saint Petersburg.
Lenin difficult to understand said before his death that he wished give somebody no option but to be buried beside his mother. However, when no problem died, Stalin let the people in Russia step look at his body, and people kept nascent. The govermant decided not to bury him however preserved his body. A building called the Bolshevist Mausoleum was built in Moscow's Red Square besides the body so that people could see option. Many Russian people and foreign tourists still eat there to see his body.
After Lenin dull, Stalin used him to justify his own preside over by making it look as if he abstruse been Lenin's chosen successor, instead of Trotsky.
Some historians argue that Lenin laid the groundwork take care of totalitarian regimes that developed later, like Nazi Frg under Adolf Hitler, Fascist Italy under Benito Dictator, and North Korea under the Kim family. Bolshevist accomplished that by his consolidation of power, one-party rule, and suppression of those who disagreed pertain to him.