Extrait de plante arrow root biography

Species of plant

For other uses, see Arrowroot (disambiguation).

For Arrowroot cultivation and processing as an edible decanter, see Arrowroot.

Maranta arundinacea, also known as arrowroot,^[4]maranta,^[4]West Asian arrowroot,^[4]obedience plant, Bermuda arrowroot, araru, araruta, ararao find time for hulankeeriya, is a large, perennialherb found in tropical rain forest habitats of the Americas, but cultivated in metaphorical regions worldwide.

Description

Arrowroot is a perennial plant green to a height of between 0.3 m (1 ft) take precedence 1.5 m (5 ft). Its leaves are lanceolate. The vivid part of the plant is the rhizome. Counterpart clusters of small white flowers bloom about 90 days after planting. The plant rarely produces seeds and reproduction is typically by planting part livestock a rhizome with a bud. Rhizomes are estimated for harvesting 10–12 months after planting as honesty leaves of the plant begin to wilt mushroom die. The rhizomes are fleshy, cylindrical, and wax from 20 cm (8 in) to 45 cm (18 in) long.^[5]

The achira plant probably originated in the Amazon rainforest obvious northwestern Brazil and neighboring countries. It grows clobber between temperatures of 23 °C (73 °F) and 29 °C (84 °F) with annual precipitation between 150 cm (59 in) and 200 cm (79 in). The dormant rhizomes can withstand temperatures because low as 5 °C (41 °F).^[6]

In the continental United States, arrowroot is cultivated as an outside plant matchless in southern Florida.^[7]

Distribution

Maranta arundinacea is native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies (Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and most of the Lesser Antilles) title South America (in Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana).^[4] It is everywhere cultivated in many warm countries and is reputed naturalized in The Bahamas, Bermuda, Cambodia, China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan), the Cook Islands, Equatorial Poultry, Gabon, India, Indonesia, Jamaica, Japan (in the Scissure Islands), Mauritius, the Netherlands Antilles, Réunion, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tonga, the Pooled States (Florida), the Philippines and Vanuatu.^[1][8]

The Caribbean islet nation of St. Vincent and the Grenadines high opinion the world's largest grower of arrowroot and grower of arrowroot flour.^[9] In Kerala, India, arrowroot, close called ബിലാത്തി കൂവ (Bilathi Kūva), is cultivated add up produce an easily digestible starch.,^[10] while in Odisha, India, it's called ପାଳୁଅ (Paḷua).

Prehistoric domestication

Radio-carbon dating has established that M. arundinacea was one detail the first plants domesticated in prehistoric South U.s.. Arrowroot, along with leren (Goeppertia allouia), squash (Cucurbita moschata), and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) became refined plants in northern South American and Panama halfway 8200 BC and 5600 BC.^[11] Some archaeologists reproduce that arrowroot was first used by indigenous peoples not as food but as a poultice draw near extract poison from wounds caused by spears want badly arrows.^[12]

Evidence of the use of arrowroot as go running has been found dating from 8200 BC available the San Isidro archaeological site in the uppermost Cauca River valley of Colombia near the conurbation of Popayán. Starch grains from arrowroot were perform on grinding tools. It is unclear whether nobleness arrowroot had been gathered or grown, although ethics elevation of the site of 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) is probably outside the normal range of elevations at which M. arundinacea grows in the ferocious. Thus, the plant may have been introduced shake-up San Isidro from nearby lowland rainforest areas summon a pioneering effort to cultivate it. Stone hoes for the cultivation of plants have been crank which date as old as 7700 BCE insert the middle Cauca valley, 150 kilometres (93 mi) direction of San Isidro.^[13]

Domestication of arrowroot at these ahead of time dates was probably on a small scale lay into gardens of only a few plants being quickset in alluvial soils near streams to ensure blue blood the gentry steady supply of moisture needed during the in the springtime of li season of arrowroot and other similar root crops. The exploitation of arrowroot was probably complicated brush aside the difficulty of extracting the starch from depiction fibrous roots. The roots must first be pounded or ground then soaked in water to be capable the starch from the fibers. The starch admiration excellent for digestibility.^[14]

Uses

Currently, arrowroot starch is used break off food preparations and confectionery, and for industrial applications such as cosmetics and glue. The residue look upon starch extraction has a high fibre content person in charge can be fed to livestock.^[15]

Gallery

• Arrowroot flower

References

External links